All about Periods: Cycle, Problems & Tracking

Usually, when a girl is between 11-15 years of age, she can expect her first periods. The medical term used for an age when someone gets their first period is menarche. Therefore, when you hit puberty that is when your body is changing to become more adult, you can expect menstruation. Getting your first period is the later development of puberty.

However, do not compare yourself with any of your friends because the age at which they get their first period may vary. The following factors may have an impact on your first period:

• Genes
• Body mass index
• Your diet and animal protein consumption
• Nutritional deficiencies

Periods are caused due to changes in hormones. Hormones are the chemical messengers that help in controlling the functions of cells and tissues. Ovaries are the part of reproductive organs that releases female hormones called estrogen and progesterone. These hormones are responsible for the development of the lining of the uterus. The lining is used for the attachment of the fertilized egg which then develops into a baby and a placenta. If there is no fertilised egg, the lining breaks and bleeds. This blood contains the lining and tissue which is known as periods. This entire process repeats until there is a fertilised egg.

Let’s assume that the length of your menstrual cycle is 28 days (as it can be more than 28 days). The day count of the menstrual cycle starts on the first day of menstruation. The entire phases of the menstrual cycle are divided into four:

• Menstrual phase
• Follicular phase
• Ovulation phase
• Luteal phase

Menstrual Phase

The menstrual phase begins on the first day of menstruation and lasts till 5th day. Therefore, the menstrual phase is from day 1 to day 5. In this phase, the uterus sheds its inner lining and other tissues. You may experience abdominal cramps.

Follicular Phase

The follicular phase starts from day 1 and lasts till the 13th day in the menstrual cycle. During this cycle, the pituitary gland releases hormones that stimulate the growth of an egg in the ovaries. The egg develops in a follicle and takes 13 days to mature. At the same time, the follicle releases hormones to stimulate the uterus for egg development.

Ovulation Phase

The ovulation phase starts from day 14. In this phase, the pituitary gland releases hormones to release the egg from the fallopian tube.

Luteal Phase

The luteal phase starts on the 15th day and lasts till the next menstrual cycle starts. In this phase, the egg stays in the fallopian tube for 24 hours and waits for the sperm cell. If there is no sperm cell available, the egg starts to disintegrate. Also, the inner lining of the uterus starts to shed. This is known as the menstrual cycle.

Also, learn about the myths of COVID 19 vaccination and the menstrual cycle.

Ovulation is a part of the menstrual cycle and it occurs when an egg is released by the ovary. However, the released egg doesn’t need to be fertilised by the sperm. If the egg gets fertilised, then it travels to the uterus to get implanted and develop into a baby. If the egg does not get fertilised, then along with the uterus lining, it will come as menstrual blood.

Signs of Ovulation

The following are the signs sent by the female reproductive system that ovulation is happening:

• Increased body temperature
• Increased sex drive
• Changes in cervical mucus
• Bloating
• Breast tenderness
• Spotting
• Cramps

Tracking of Ovulation

Usually, ovulation starts from day 14 of your menstrual cycle. You can use MFine Period Tracker for free to track your ovulation. The tracker will also provide information on what food to consume, explains different aspects related to periods such as sore breast, what exercises to perform, when to check your basal body temperature, etc.

Tests for Ovulation

There are at-home tests as well as at clinic tests that are available to test ovulation. Either urine or blood samples can be used for this test.

• Progesterone: The levels of progesterone is high during ovulation as the uterus is preparing for a fertilised egg. A blood test confirms ovulation based on the levels of progesterone.

• Luteinizing hormone: The levels of this hormone increase about 36 hours before ovulation. This is another method to confirm ovulation.

• Estrone-3-glucuronide (E3G): E3G levels are dependent on estrogen levels. As the estrogen level decreases, E3G increases indicating the onset of ovulation.

Inducing Ovulation

Certain fertility drugs can induce ovulation as they stimulate the ovarian follicles.

• Clomid
• Femara
• Metformin
• Human chorionic gonadotropin
• Human menopausal gonadotropin
• Letrozole

Most women know their periods are nearing when start experiencing premenstrual syndrome (PMS). the hormonal changes and the chemical changes that occur in the brain are the signals to get you prepped for the bleeding session.

However, here are some of the common signs that tell you about your approaching periods:

• Breaking out: Acne is the common sign before getting your period. The breakouts that are related to the period is known as cyclical acne. This happens due to rising in the hormones called sebum which is an oily substance that starts to clog the pores causing acne. These acnes are usually on the chin and jawline.

• Tender breasts: Your breasts will start to feel either tender or sore and heavy. The pain associated with periods is known as cyclical breast pain. This is again due to the hormonal changes that are happening inside.

• Bloating: Few days before your periods you will feel bloated and gassy. This can be avoided by consuming more fruits and vegetables along with regular exercise. Please do not consume more salts these days.

• Constipation or diarrhoea: The digestive system also gets affected before you get periods and depending on how your body is responding, you can either get constipated or diarrhoea.

• Lower back hurts: Along with the digestive system, you may feel contractions in your back and thighs. This is also related to cramps.

• Mood swings: Crying spells, anxiety, irritability are common signs of mood swings and this is due to hormonal changes.

Watch the below video to understand what causes mood swings during periods:

Sanitary products act as a medium to soak up all the menstrual blood that comes out during your period. Some different products and brands are available in the market today. In the olden days, women used to use a piece of cotton cloth as it would soak the entire blood. However, the time has changed now, and women have a lot of options to choose from such as:

• Pads
• Tampons
• Menstrual cups
• Cloth pads

Pads

Pads are made of absorbent material in a rectangular form with sticky wings that can be attached to the panty line. The pads are also known as sanitary pads or sanitary napkins. The wings on the sides are to make sure that the pad is in one place and is leakproof. Depending on the flow, you can choose any type of pad from any brand.

Make sure that you change your pad every 5 to 6 hours of use. Also, stay away from the scented pads as they may irritate your vaginal skin.

Tampons

Tampons are also made of absorbent material in the shape of a cylindrical tube. The tampon is inserted into the vagina to absorb the blood. The tampons are also available in different sizes.

Most girls and women are apprehensive about using tampons because they think they will be lost inside. But, that’s not the case. They come with a string that will be outside the body. To remove the tampon, you have gently pulled the string. Make sure that you change your tampon every 4 to 5 hours. Do not use scented tampons as they can lead to allergic reactions.

Menstrual Cups

Menstrual cups are similar to tampons except they do not absorb the blood. Instead, the blood gets collected inside the cup. These cups are made using either rubber or silicone. You will not know when the cup will be filled. Therefore, make sure that you empty the cup at regular intervals. Menstrual cups are a good option if you are a swimmer, and also menstrual cups are safer from an environmental perspective. These cups last long and therefore, the waste disposal will reduce.

The below image explains the different types of cup foldings that can be tried while inserting it into your vagina:

Cloth Pads

Cloth pads as the name says are made using cotton cloths. They are reusable and an alternative for sanitary pads and tampons. The usage of these is similar to any regular pads. Instead of sticky wings, they come with wings that have buttons so that they stay attached to the panty.

Cloth pads and menstrual cups are gaining popularity among young girls and women as they are durable, reusable, and eco-friendly.

You can track your periods from the first day of your last period. Continue keeping a count till your next period. Repeat these steps for a few more cycles. Add the total number of days and divided it by the number of cycles. This gives the average number of days of your menstrual cycle.

The following are the reasons why tracking of periods is important:

• It helps you in understanding the pattern of your cycle. This also saves you from unexpected periods.
• If you are planning to have a baby, then with this tracker you will know the exact day when you are ovulating.
• It builds a healthy sexual relationship between you and your partner. Around ovulation, the sexual desire may spike and you can notice this by tracking periods.
• Most people believe that PMS is not real. However, do not fall for such myths because it is very much real. As your cycle nears, you can work on your mood swings.
• Menstruation is an indicator of your overall health. Having cycles as per the dates without any irregularities can tell you a lot about your health and wellness.

Manual tracking of periods can be tedious and inaccurate. Hence, there are apps for an accurate period and ovulation tracking. MFine has launched a Free Period & Ovulation Tracker that makes tracking easy and efficient for you.

MFine Period Tracker – Simple, Private & Accurate

This is a free tracker on the MFine app that can be used for tracking all the phases of your menstrual cycle:

• Click on the period tracker and answer the questions as they appear.
• How long does the period last usually? Here the least is 1 day while the maximum number of days is 10. Select the number of days.
• How often does the period recur? This is after how many days does your next period start. This can vary between 24 to 38 days while 28 days being the average. Select the appropriate number of days.
• Date of last period. Here a calendar will be displayed on which you can select the start and end dates of your last period.
• What symptoms do you feel before periods? Various symptoms such as headache, diarrhea, constipation, stomach pain, etc are listed. Based on what you experience, select the symptoms.
• Your period tracker will be set.

What do you see after the tracker is set?

• The entire menstrual cycle will be displayed on your screen.
• The tracker will provide information on how many days are left for the next period.
• When does your ovulation starts?
• What are your chances of getting pregnant?
• You can also log your previous months’ periods.
• The tracker will also provide information on what food to consume.
• Depending on which date you are selecting, the information will keep changing.

What’s more?

• Receive personalized health tips
• Connect with a doctor in minutes

Most of the time menstrual cycles becomes responsible for the uneasiness that is experienced either before or during the period days. It could be physical discomfort in the form of cramps and fatigue or mental discomforts such as irritability and mood swings.

Apart from these issues, there could be a heavy, light, or complete absence of a cycle. This is an indication that there might be some underlying concerns related to menstrual cycles. Let’s not use the word normal period as it varies from person to person. Therefore, it becomes important for you to stay connected with your body and any changes during your menstrual cycle should be brought to your gynaecologist’s notice.

The following are some of the menstrual complications that are experienced by women around the world:

• Endometriosis
• Uterine fibroid
• Menorrhagia
• Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a disorder related to endometrial tissue which is present in the uterus. Tissue similar to the uterus lining grows outside the uterus and may even spread to other reproductive organs such as fallopian tubes, ovaries, and the pelvic cavity. This is caused due to the high levels of estrogen and inflammation in the body.

The symptoms include:

• Painful periods
• Heavy bleeding
• Pain while urinating and bowel movements
• Pain during sex
• Pelvic pain before the start of periods
• Infertility

At present, there is no cure for endometriosis. However, some of the good old home remedies and endometriosis surgeries like laparoscopy and hysterectomy can be used to control the symptoms of endometriosis.

Uterine Fibroid

Uterine fibroid is a noncancerous growth that is found on the walls of the uterus. These growths are made up of muscle and connective tissues. The size of the fibroid may vary between 1 mm to 20 cm in diameter. The symptoms associated with fibroids are usually unnoticeable. In rare cases, women have symptoms and they are:

• Heavy bleeding during periods
• Periods lasting for more than a week
• Pelvic pain
• Pain while urinating
• Constipation
• Back and leg pains

The exact cause of fibroid is under research but doctors believe that factors such as genetic changes, hormonal imbalances, and extracellular matrix could be the possible reasons for uterine fibroid.

There are preventive measures at present, but, a healthy lifestyle, maintaining your weight, and a balanced diet can reduce your chances of developing uterine fibroid.

Menorrhagia

Menorrhagia is a medical term that is used for periods with abnormally heavy and prolonged bleeding. Most women experience heavy bleeding, however, when you are diagnosed with menorrhagia, you find difficulty in carrying out everyday activities as there is a lot of blood loss and cramping.

The symptoms of menorrhagia are:

• Needing to change sanitary products every hour
• Passing of blood clots larger than a quarter
• Periods lasting for more than a week
• Unable to do daily activities due to heavy bleeding and cramping
• Anaemia
• Fatigue

Unlike endometriosis and uterine fibroid, there are medical treatments available for menorrhagias like oral contraceptives, oral progesterone pills, hormonal IUD, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most commonly experienced syndromes by women. Mood swings, food craving, irritability, tender breasts, and depression are the common signs of PMS.

The symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome could be emotional and physical:

• Crying spells
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Irritation
• Tender breasts
• Acne
• Diarrhoea or constipation
• Bloating

The cyclic changes in hormones and chemical changes in the brain are responsible for PMS. Readily available treatment for this would be a lifestyle change and clean eating habits. If the symptoms are prolonged, then antidepressants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal contraceptives, and diuretics are prescribed by your gynaecologist.

Don’t know how to reduce bloating during periods? Watch the below video:

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

The premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a severe and extended case of premenstrual syndrome. The physical and emotional symptoms of both are pretty much similar. However, in PMDD the mood swings are extreme such that they can affect your day to day activities and other relationships.

Doctors believe that the underlying depression and anxiety are the cause of extreme behavioural changes before and during your periods. However, these symptoms can be minimised with the help of lifestyle changes, diet changes, antidepressants, herbal remedies, and birth control pills.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal disorder that is common among women. This disorder disrupts your menstrual cycle. You can get heavy bleeding, irregular periods, or you may skip your periods for more than a month. This is because of the development of small cysts in the ovaries that prevents the release of eggs.

The symptoms of PCOS are:

• Irregular periods
• Excess androgen (excess facial and body hair)
• Severe acne
• Male-pattern baldness

PCOS can get triggered due to excess insulin, excess androgen, heredity, and low-grade inflammation. If left untreated, it can lead to infertility, Type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, and worst would be endometrial cancer. Doctors usually prescribe a combination of birth pills and progestin therapy.

The following are the reasons that cause menstrual irregularities:

• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Bad eating habits
• Excessive exercises
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Uterine fibroids
• Premature ovarian failure
• Pelvic inflammatory disease

The following are the measures that you can follow at home to treat irregular periods:

• Having a balanced diet
• Exercising regularly
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Managing stress by practising yoga and meditation
• Taking birth control pills as prescribed by your doctor

The following treatments are helpful if the home remedies are not helpful:

• Hormone therapies
• Treatment for PCOS
• Surgical removal of the fibroids
• Changing the combination of your current birth control pills

Click here to understand why it’s useful to have an irregular period panel.

Please note that all these treatments should happen under the supervision of your doctor.

If you are planning to have a baby, then you need to understand terms such as ovulation, conception, and getting pregnant. Because if your period is skipped and you do not have any of the mentioned menstrual complications, then it could be that you are pregnant.

Ovulation

• It is one of the phases in the menstrual cycle. It is the release of an egg from the ovaries.
• In a 28 days menstrual cycle, ovulation usually occurs on day 14.
• In one of the ovaries, the follicle-stimulating hormone causes follicles to mature. The matured follicle then forms into a fully developed egg.
• The ovary releases the egg on day 14 when there is a sudden surge in luteinizing hormone.
• It takes nearly 5 days for the egg to reach the uterus through the fallopian tube.
• While the egg is travelling through the fallopian tube, the levels of progesterone increase so that the uterus lining can prepare itself for pregnancy.

Track Ovulation accurately through MFine’s Free Period & Ovulation Tracker.

Conception

• When the sperm cell from a fertile man swims through the vagina into the uterus of a woman, it joins the egg of the woman.
• The egg continues to travel through the fallopian tube and starts to divide into two cells, four cells, and so on.
• It takes almost a week for the sperm to fertilise the egg and reach the uterus.
• The cells get divided into 100 cells and this is known as a blastocyst.
• Then the blastocyst gets attached to the lining of the uterus and this is known as implantation.
• Hormones such as estrogen and progesterone are released continuously so that the blastocyst gets all the required nutrients.
• The cell division continues and some of them develop into a baby while others form into a placenta.
• Placenta formation is also a signal to the uterus to maintain its lining and this is one of how a woman gets to know about her pregnancy.

As there is no shedding of the uterus lining, it means that there are no periods for that month.

Exercise

Studies have shown that women who exercise regularly are less likely to experience menstrual cramps. They also do not have PMS as exercising releases happy hormones known as endorphins and serotonin.

Practising yoga comes in handy to relax your muscles while meditation helps in stress management.

The below video explains how stress can delay your periods:

Diet

Consuming whole fruits and vegetables along with nuts and seeds is a must. Always try to have a balanced diet that is your plate should have complex carbohydrates, lean proteins, good fats and other micronutrients.

Before and during your period try to avoid junk food and fried food. This is because these food items are rich in salts which means you feel more bloated during your period.

Menopause is the first sign that your normal pattern of periods is slowly becoming irregular. You may start having either light or heavy periods. You may also notice spottings. This happens in your late 40s and early 50s.

The following are the symptoms of periods:

• Hot flashes
• Night sweats
• Dryness in the vaginal region
• Palpitations
• Reduced sex drives

Q. What is menstruation?

A. Menstruation is also known as a period where a woman gets her monthly bleeding. This blood contains the lining of the uterus and other tissues which come out of the vagina.

Q. Why do we have periods?

A. Women have periods because their body prepares for a fertilized egg which then develops into a baby. However, when the egg does not get fertilized, the body gets rid of it along with the lining formed in the uterus and other tissues. This is a natural and normal process for all women.

Q. What is a menstrual cycle?

A. The menstrual cycle usually starts from the first day when you get your periods. It is counted till your next month’s period. The cycle helps in understanding the hormonal cycle so that you can plan for pregnancy. It also helps in noting your flow and mood swings.

Q. What do periods feel like?

A. When you get your period, you may feel the dampness as there are a few spots of blood on your panty. However, once the period starts, you will not feel much of the flow. You may feel cramps and pains. Sometimes you may feel as if something is moving out of your body.

Q. How long does a typical menstrual cycle last?

A. A typical menstrual cycle lasts for 28 days. However, this is different for every woman. It can last up to 24 to 38 days and this is considered normal.

Q. Does menstrual blood smell?

A. Usually, the menstrual blood does not have any smell. However, when it comes in contact with the air, it starts to smell. Your sanitary products smell when you have not changed them for a long time. It is advised to change it every 4 to 6 hours.

Q. What is ovulation?

A. Ovulation is when the ovary releases an egg so that it can get fertilised by the sperm.

Q. When does ovulation stop?

A. Ovulation stops after menopause. Before menopause, a woman may not ovulate when she is pregnant, breastfeeding, and when she is perimenopausal. During perimenopause, the ovulation will not be regular.

Q. Do periods hurt?

A. Periods themselves do not hurt. But, before and during your periods you can get cramps, lower backaches, and leg pains. You may feel uneasy and irritable. This is because of the hormonal changes that occur during periods.

Q.  How do I know if I am ovulating?

A. A few days before ovulation, you will see vaginal discharge becoming slippery and clear. You may also experience small cramps in your pelvic area.

Q. How important it is to take bath or shower when I get my periods?

A. It is very much important and necessary to take bath or shower when you get your periods. This is because keeping your vaginal area clean is important as you do not want to develop any allergies or rashes to happen. Also, taking a hot shower helps in relaxing the muscles and reduces the pain.

Q. How do I talk to my mother about my periods as I feel uncomfortable discussing them with her?

A. This is a common concern that is faced by most young girls. But, you must understand that talking to your mother about your periods even before talking to your doctor can help you a lot. Also, this is the time when she will be your best friend and can answer any questions related to your periods.

Q. How does my menstrual cycle change as I grow old?

A. Your menstrual cycle in your teens will be heavy and will last more than 38 days. Usually, after 3 to 4 years of your period, the cycle will last between 24 and 38 days and the flow will also become normal. As you grow old, that is, when you are in your 40s, you may notice perimenopause and menopause signs. Between your teens and 30s if you find any irregular periods, do talk to your doctor.

Q. Is there any activity that I won’t be able to do during my period?

A. Your period should not stop you from doing any of the activities. However, it is the cramps and pains associated with the period that might make you feel tired and cause discomfort.

Q. Can I swim when I get my period?

A. Yes, you can swim and do all adventurous activities when you get your period. This is possible because of the sanitary products that you will be using. Tampons and menstrual cups can be used while swimming and other adventurous activities. However, if you experience any discomfort during periods, it is okay to take a rest.

Q. Can people notice that I have got my periods?

A. No, no one can notice that you have got your periods unless you talk about it.

Q. How blood is lost during menstruation?

A. Most girls and women lose up to ¼ cup of menstrual fluid during their periods. This is common and your body will soon make it up for all its losses.

Q. When will my period stop forever?

A. Your period will stop forever when you hit menopause. This usually happens when you are in your late 40s and early 50s.

Q. Why should I keep track of my menstrual cycle?

A. Keeping track of your menstrual cycle is required because:

• It helps in checking if your periods are regular or not
• If you are planning to conceive, it helps in knowing your ovulation
• You can keep track of your mental and physical health
• You can keep a note of the flow

Q. How can I keep track of my period?

A. There are numerous ways in which you can keep track of your period. You can make a note of your first day of the period either on a calendar, diary, or you can use apps that are designed to track your periods. MFine has recently launched a free period and ovulation tracker that makes period tracking simple, private, and accurate.

Q. When does a girl first get her period?

A. The average age at which a girl can get her first period is between 11 and 15. There is no fixed age as the first period depends on various factors such as genetics, weight, food, and lifestyle.

Q. How often should I change my sanitary products during my period?

A. It depends on the sanitary product that you are using. If you are using a pad, then after every 4-5 hours you need to change it. If you are using a tampon, you change after 6-8 hours. Menstrual cups should be drained 2-3 times a day depending on the flow. If you are using cloth pads or period panties, then depending on the flow you can clean them.

Q. What is toxic shock syndrome?

A. Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare and deadly condition that is caused by bacteria that makes toxins. This was first found in a brand that produced tampons. However, the tampons from this brand are completely taken out from the market.

However, the number of cases of TSS today is less but you could be at risk if you do not change your tampons at regular intervals. Also, using tampons with more absorbents than required can cause TSS.

Q. What are the symptoms of TSS?

A. If you have any of the following symptoms of TSS, before going to your doctor, make sure that you remove your tampon or menstrual cup:

• Sudden high fever
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Rash
• Muscle aches

Q. Are there any other health conditions affected by the menstrual cycle?

A. Yes, your menstrual cycle can affect other health conditions such as:

• Depression and anxiety attacks: This is related to PMS and it usually overlaps before or during your periods.
• Bladder pain syndrome: If you are diagnosed with bladder pain syndrome, then you may have painful cramps.
• Asthma: Studies have shown that your asthma can become worse during some part of the menstrual cycle.
• Irritable bowel syndrome: This causes bloating, gassy feeling, and cramps before your periods.
• Menstrual Migraine: This causes severe one-sided headache with nausea and vomiting along with other symptoms like worsening of headache due to loud sounds, bright lights. This type of headache occurs 2-3 days before or during your menstrual cycle.

 Q. What are common questions about periods?

A. Here are some of the common questions about periods:

• Why do you feel constipated or diarrhoea during periods?
• Is PMS even real?
• Why all girls don’t get their periods at the same time?
• Does not getting a period on time mean I am pregnant?
• What if my period lasts for less than 3 days?

 Q. What things should we avoid in periods?

A. Here are some of the things that should be avoided during periods:

• Consuming a lot of salty foods
• Having a lot of coffee
• Do not use a douche
• Not changing sanitary products at regular intervals
• Having unprotected sex

 Q. How should you sleep during your period?

A. When you get your periods, try sleeping in the fetal position. Tucking your hands and legs while sleeping on your side can help in reducing the pressure from your abdominal muscles.

Q. How to feel better during your period?

A. The following tips may help you feel better during your period:

• Taking a warm bath
• Using a heating pad on the lower back and lower abdomen
• Doing easy yoga and exercises
• Getting a massage

 Q. How to shower while on your period?

A. Taking shower while on your period can be a task during your initial days of periods. This is because of the blood flowing out of your body. However, you must shower every day when you get your period. Make sure that you remove your sanitary products before hitting the shower. Also, do not use body wash or soaps to clean your vagina. Plain warm water is sufficient. Do not use the same sanitary product after your shower.

Q. Is period blood good for your skin?

A. No, period blood is not good for your skin, as it is contaminated with sweat and bacteria. Therefore, do not use period blood on your skin.

Q. How many pads a day is normal?

A. There is no exact answer to how many pads a day is normal. This is because it completely depends on your flow and how often you feel the need to change it.

Q. Why do women get angry during their periods?

A. Women get angry and easily irritated during their periods because of the hormonal changes that happen in the body and the chemical changes in the brain.

Q.  Why does my pad leak at night?

A. Pad leakage at night is commonly experienced by most women and here are the reasons why:

• Tossing and turning in your sleep
• The angle at which you are sleeping
• Shifting of menstrual pad
• It also depends on which day of your period it is

Q. Why do I poop a lot on my period?

A. You might have noticed that as your period nears, there is a change in your bowel movement. This is because of the hormonal changes that are happening inside your body. Prostaglandins are responsible for the muscle contractions in the uterus as well as in the intestines as it is close to the uterus. This causes frequent poop.

Q. Why do I sometimes get constipated during periods?

A. This is again due to the hormonal changes. Low levels of prostaglandins and high levels of progesterone slows the digestive system. This is the reason why you feel constipated during periods.

Q. Is chocolate good for periods?

A. Dark chocolate is considered to be good for periods. This is because of the magnesium content present in dark chocolate. Magnesium helps in relaxing muscles.

Q. Can I get pregnant during my period?

A. Yes, the chances of getting pregnant during periods are less likely to happen as it depends on the ovulation cycle.

Q.  How to insert a tampon?

A. Here are steps to follow:

• Before using a tampon, make sure you get the right size. There are different sizes available and get the size that suits you.
• The next step is to clean your hands so that dirt and germs are prevented from entering your vagina.
• Get into a comfortable position by either placing one foot on the toilet seat or by bending your knees so that you get enough vaginal opening.
• You can now insert the tampon either using an applicator or your finger.
• To remove the tampon after use, you can slightly pull the string.

Q. Can you sleep with a tampon in?

A. Yes, you can sleep with a tampon inside you. However, if you are sleeping for more than 8 hours, make sure that you shift to other sanitary products. This is to avoid the risk of developing toxic shock syndrome.

Q. What to do if you have no pads left?

A. If you are out of pads, then you can use toilet paper as an immediate sanitary product. You can also ask others for an extra sanitary pad.

Q. What is the best pad for a 12-year-old?

A. Any pad that is easy to use and prevents her from leakage is the best pad for a 12-year-old.

Q.  Is it normal to get your period at age 11?

A. It is completely normal to get your period at the age of 11. Getting a period anywhere between 9 to 16 years of age is normal.

Q. Can an 80-year-old woman have a period?

A. No, an 80-year-old woman cannot have a period as the age for menopause is the late 40s and early 50s. If there is vaginal bleeding after hitting menopause, you should see your doctor.

Q. At what age do hot flashes start?

A. Hot flashes are a sudden surge of hot skin and sweat which is associated with perimenopause and menopause. This usually occurs when you are in your late 40s.

Q. How do you sleep with a pad on?

A. There is a fixed position while sleeping with your pad on that can prevent leakage. However, it is better to avoid sleeping on your front as it can squeeze your abdominal muscles and cause more blood as you move around.

Q. Can I wear a pad for 12 hours?

A. You can wear a pad throughout your period, but make sure that you change every 5-6 hours. When you are sleeping for more than 7 hours, you can change the pad in the morning after you wake up. This is because if you keep the pad for more than 6 hours, it will start to smell.

Q. Do bananas delay your period?

A. No, no research shows bananas delaying your period.

Q. Is tea good for periods?

A. Herbal teas such as chamomile, ginger, cinnamon, lemongrass, and peppermint can relieve you from period stress and pain. These teas will make you feel fresh and active.

Q. Do orgasms help cramps?

A. Yes, orgasms help in cramps. This is because when you orgasm your blood releases chemicals such as oxytocin and dopamine that act as painkillers to deal with cramps.

Q. What are some period hacks?

• Keep your spare panties handy
• Avoid salty foods
• Avoid caffeine
• Keep yourself hydrated
• Use heating pads

Q. Can periods stop in 3 days?

A. Yes, periods can stop in 3 days. For most women period lasts between 3 and 5 days.

Q.  Is it better to wear pads or tampons?

A. Pads and tampons both are better to wear depending on how comfortable you feel. However, pads are easy to wear as they stick to your panty. Whereas tampons are worn internally, that is inside your vagina. You may find it difficult to insert and remove.

Q.  What are the benefits of menstruation?

• Menstruation helps in detecting any other health conditions
• It makes your sexual experience better
• It makes you look beautiful as the levels of estrogen are so high that you will be filled with endorphins
• It naturally cleanses you

Q. Why is my period black?

A. Black blood during your period is normal. This is seen either at the beginning or at the end of the period. This also indicates that the blood is old or took time to leave the uterus and hence it got oxidised.

Q. Can I stop my daughter’s period?

A. Yes, it is possible to stop your daughter’s period. This is known as menstrual suppression in which the treatment helps in either reducing or stopping the period.

Please note that this is done under the supervision of your doctor.

 Q. What is the oldest woman to have a period?

A. The oldest menstruating woman to have a period is 57 years old.

Q. At what age periods stop in Indian Women?

A. According to the PAN India survey, the perimenopause age in India is between ± 44 years and the menopause age is after 45 years.

Q. How many periods does a woman have in her life?

A. According to the survey, a woman has 400-450 periods in her lifetime.

Q. Can we use diapers for periods?

A. Yes, diapers can be used as makeshift pads for periods in case of an emergency.

Q. Can a woman get pregnant after menopause?

A. No, a woman cannot get pregnant after menopause as her ovaries will stop producing eggs. However, if she finds a donor egg, then it is possible to get pregnant.

Q. Can you use two pads at once?

A. Yes, it is possible to use two pads at once. You can place one in the front and the other at the back. Do not keep these two pads one over the other.

Q. What drinks help your period?

A. Water is the best drink during your period. Apart from this, you can try different herbal teas and smoothies.

Q. Do you bleed more at night during your period?

A. No, you do not bleed more at night during your period. During the day, gravity helps your menstrual blood to flow easily. But at night, blood does not flow easily and with all the turning and tossing, your pad moves to make you feel you bleed more.

Q. What should we avoid eating during periods?

A. Fried foods and junk foods should be avoided during periods. This is because they are rich in salt causing more water retention leading to bloating.

Q. How can I delay my period for my wedding?

A. You can delay your period for your wedding by taking norethisterone. This pill is taken 3 to 4 days before your due date and is continued 3 times a day for the next 14 days.

Q. Can we drink milk in periods?

A. No, it is not a good idea to consume milk or milk products as it can lead to bloating, gassy feelings, and diarrhoea.

Q. Are menarche and puberty the same?

A. No, menarche and puberty are not the same. Puberty is the onset of adult sexual life whereas menarche is when the first menstrual cycle begins.

Q. What is menarche?

A. The first period is known as menarche.

Q. What is a hematometra?

A. Hematometra is a medical condition in which there is blood collection or retention in the uterus which is caused by a transverse vaginal septum.

Q. Which fruits are good during periods?

A. Water-rich fruits like watermelon and cucumber are good to stay hydrated. To satisfy sugar cravings fruits such as sapota and berries are good.

Q. How many eggs does a woman have?

A. At the time of birth, a woman will have approximately 1 million eggs. At the time of puberty, 300,000 eggs remain. During her reproductive phase, 300 to 400 eggs are present.

Q. Can a 4-year-old get her period?

A. No, a 4-year-old cannot get her period. The average age at which she can get her first period is between 11 to 15 years.

Q. Are period cups safe?

A. Yes, period cups also known as menstrual cups are safe. There is no evidence that period cups are dangerous like tampons as tampons can cause TSS. if you feel any irritation, pain, or urinary problems, please talk to your doctor.

Q. What is hematocolpos?

A. Hematocolpos is a medical condition in which the vagina is flooded with menstrual blood due to various reasons which lead to blockage of the menstrual flow.

Q. Why is my period blood orange?

A. Orange blood during periods indicates infection. This could be a bacterial infection. When you have an infection, you will feel vaginal itching, foul smell, and discomfort.

Q. How do you know if your period is ending?

A. When you reach the late 40s or early 50s, your periods will get irregular, you will get hot flashes, chills, and vaginal dryness. These are the signs that tell if your period is ending.

Q. What foods make your period heavier?

A. Foods such as beets, papaya, dairy products, coffee, and certain chocolates may make your period heavier.

Q. What are the natural methods for inducing a period?

• Hormonal birth control
• Exercise
• Orgasm
• A healthy diet and weight

Q. Does getting into the water stop my period?

A. No, getting into water will not stop your period. This is a myth. Due to the counter-pressure of the water, your menstrual blood will not flow outside the vagina.

Q. What are the different colours of menstrual blood?

A. The following are the different colours of menstrual blood:

• Pink blood: This is seen during the start of your menstrual cycle. It is pink because of the vaginal discharge and inner lining of the uterus along with other tissues.
• Bright red blood: This is seen when the uterus actively sheds blood. This is an indication that it is a fresh discharge.

• Dark red blood: This is when the blood is stuck inside the uterus for a long time.
• Brown or black colour: This is when your period comes to end it appears as either brown or black.

If you have any further concerns related to periods, connect with a gynecologist today.